NYSE: TPL

Our mission is to pursue a thoughtful, long-term approach towards optimizing and building upon the commercial and environmental virtues of our extensive lands and resources. We have a long history of responsible management of our legacy assets, and in recent years, we have expanded our business strategy to generate incremental revenue streams that take advantage of our vast surface and royalty footprint, such as our investments in the Water Services and Operations business segment. Beyond our current businesses, we continue to explore new opportunities related to renewable energy, environmental

sustainability, and technology, among others, that can leverage our existing legacy surface and royalty assets. Our business model emphasizes high cash flow margins and relatively low ongoing capital expenditure requirements, and we expect new opportunities to generally align with these priorities. We remain focused on optimizing long-term value creation and profitability, fostering responsible stewardship of our assets, providing quality customer service, and engaging with and advocating for employee and stakeholder interests.

Recent Developments

Common Stock Split

On March 26, 2024, we effected a three-for-one stock split in the form of a stock dividend of two additional shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), for every share of Common Stock outstanding to stockholders of record as of March 18, 2024. All shares, restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance stock units (“PSUs”) and per share information have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the stock split. The shares of Common Stock retained a par value of $0.01 per share. Accordingly, an amount equal to the par value of the increased shares resulting from the stock split was reclassified from “Additional paid-in capital” to “Common Stock” on our consolidated balance sheets.

Acquisition Activity During 2024

In August 2024, we acquired 4,120 surface acres in Martin, County, Texas along with other surface-related tangible and intangible assets from an unaffiliated seller, for total cash consideration of $45.0 million, of which $20.4 million represented assets acquired for the Land and Resource Management segment with the remaining $24.6 million of assets acquired for the Water Services and Operations segment. In addition to surface acres, we acquired water sourcing assets and other contractual rights including a contractual right to a 7.5% royalty on revenue generated from a nonhazardous oilfield solids waste disposal site. These assets generate revenue streams across both segments including water sales, produced water royalties, and other surface related (“SLEM”) revenue and provide additional commercial growth opportunities for us to expand water sourcing and produced water opportunities to both new and existing customers. See further discussion of this acquisition in Note 3, “Assets Acquired in a Business Combination” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included under Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Also in August 2024, we acquired mineral interests across 4,106 NRA located in Culberson County, Texas for a purchase price of $120.3 million, net of post-closing adjustments. The acquisition was completed in conjunction with Brigham Royalties Fund I Holdco, L.L.C., a subsidiary of Brigham Royalties, LLC (“Brigham Royalties”) in an arms-length transaction with an unaffiliated seller. See further discussion of this acquisition in Note 4, “Oil and Gas Royalty Interests” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included under Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” The acquired mineral interests overlap with existing TPL royalty acreage.

In October 2024, we acquired 7,490 NRA located primarily in the Midland Basin in Martin, Midland and other counties in Texas and New Mexico, with over 80% of the acquired interests adjacent to or overlapping existing TPL surface and royalty acreage for cash consideration of $275.2 million, net of post-closing adjustments.

Business Segments

We operate our business in two reportable segments: Land and Resource Management and Water Services and Operations. Our segments provide management with a comprehensive financial view of our key businesses. Our segments enable the alignment of strategies and objectives of the Company and provide a framework for timely and rational allocation of resources within businesses. See Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Note 15, “Business Segment Reporting” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included under Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Land and Resource Management

Our Land and Resource Management segment encompasses the business of managing our approximately 873,000 surface acres of land and approximately 207,000 NRA of oil and gas royalty interests, principally concentrated in the Permian Basin. The revenue streams of this segment consist primarily of royalties from oil and gas, revenues from easements, commercial leases and renewables, and land and material sales.

We are not an oil and gas producer. Rather, our oil and gas revenue is derived from our oil and gas royalty interests. Thus, in addition to being subject to fluctuations in response to the market prices for oil and gas, our oil and gas royalties are

also subject to decisions made by the owners and operators of the oil and gas wells to which our royalty interests relate as to investments in and production from those wells. Our oil and gas royalty interests require no capital expenditures or operating expense burden from us for well development.

Our revenue from easements is primarily generated from pipelines transporting oil, gas and related hydrocarbons, power line and utility easements, and subsurface wellbore easements. Easements typically have a 30-plus year term but subsequently renew every 10 years with an additional payment. In addition to easements, we also receive revenues from other surface-related operations on our land, including but not limited to, commercial leases, well development and material sales. Commercial lease revenue is derived primarily from processing, storage and compression facilities, and roads. Material sales include caliche, sand, and other material sales to operators. Caliche is used in the construction of oil and gas-related infrastructure, and sand is utilized for completion operations. Additionally, as a result of an acquisition in 2024, we have recently begun generating commercial revenue related to a nonhazardous oilfield solids waste disposal site. See the discussion of acquisition activity above for additional information.

In recent years, we have entered into agreements with third parties related to renewables and various “next generation” opportunities that will potentially utilize TPL’s surface assets. These agreements include the evaluation of grid-connected batteries, studies on carbon capture and sequestration, and development of bitcoin mining facilities, among other opportunities. Generally, these projects are structured with multi-year terms that allow for feasibility and/or commercial suitability and revenue arrangements that provide royalty, fee, profit sharing, lease and/or rental payments, though contractual terms and timing for commercial operations will vary by project. We do not anticipate these agreements will have a significant impact on our revenues in the short-term but do have the potential to contribute meaningfully to our revenues in the longer term.

As a significant landowner, we also generate revenue from land sales. From time to time, we receive offers from third parties to acquire tracts of our land. Sales demand and related sale prices of particular tracts of land are influenced by many factors, including general economic conditions, the rate of development in nearby areas and the suitability of the particular tract for commercial uses.

Operations

Revenues from the Land and Resource Management segment for the last three years were as follows (dollars presented in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

202420232022

Segment

Revenue% of Total

Consolidated

RevenueSegment

Revenue% of Total

Consolidated

RevenueSegment

Revenue% of Total

Consolidated

Revenue

Oil and gas royalties $373,331 53 %$357,394 57 %$452,434 68 %

Easements and other surface-related income63,074 9 %67,905 11 %44,860 7 %

Land sales4,388 1 %6,806 1 %9,681 1 %

Total Revenue – Land and Resource Management segment$440,793 63 %$432,105 69 %$506,975 76 %

See Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Segment Results of Operations” for a discussion of our segment-level financial results.

Oil and Gas Activity for the Year Ended December 31, 2024

For the year ended December 31, 2024, our share of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquid (“NGL”) production was 26.8 thousand barrels of oil equivalent (“Boe”) per day compared to 23.5 thousand Boe per day for the same period of 2023. The average realized price was $39.87 per Boe for the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of 6.4% compared to the average realized price of $42.58 per Boe for the same period of 2023.

There are a number of oil and gas wells in which we have royalty interests that have been permitted but are still awaiting drilling and completion activity. In addition, we have also identified oil and gas wells in which we have a royalty interest that have been drilled but are not yet completed (“DUC”). These permitted and DUC wells represent potential near-term

candidates for further development by operators towards ultimately being placed into production. We have identified 506 permitted gross wells (an estimated 6.4 net wells) and 793 DUC wells (an estimated 13.2 net wells) subject to our royalty interest as of December 31, 2024. The number of DUC wells is determined using uniform drilling spacing units with pooled interests for all wells awaiting completion.

Competition

Our Land and Resource Management segment has few direct peers, in that it sells, leases and generally manages land owned by the Company and, as such, any owner of property located in areas comparable to the Company is a potential competitor. The Company’s sizable land ownership of approximately 873,000 surface acres and commercial sophistication is unique, as neighboring landowners tend to own substantially smaller land positions and/or do not possess the commercial expertise to maximize business opportunities.

Water Services and Operations

Our Water Services and Operations segment encompasses the business of providing full-service water offerings to operators in the Permian Basin through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Texas Pacific Water Resources LLC (“TPWR”).

These full-service water offerings include, but are not limited to, water sourcing, produced-water treatment, infrastructure development, and disposal solutions. We are committed to sustainable water development. Our significant surface ownership in the Permian Basin provides TPWR with a unique opportunity to provide multiple full-service water offerings to operators.

The revenue streams of this segment principally consist of revenue from sales of sourced and treated water as well as revenue from produced water royalties. Energy businesses use water for their oil and gas projects, including new drilling and completion operations, while service businesses (i.e., water management service companies) operate water facilities to sell water to, and dispose of produced water of, energy businesses.

Operations

Revenues from our Water Services and Operations segment for the last three years were as follows (dollars presented in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

202420232022

Segment

Revenue% of Total

Consolidated

RevenueSegment

Revenue% of Total

Consolidated

RevenueSegment

Revenue% of Total

Consolidated

Revenue

Water sales$150,724 21 %$112,203 18 %$84,725 13 %

Produced water royalties104,123 15 %84,260 13 %72,234 11 %

Easements and other surface-related income10,183 1 %3,027 — %3,488 — %

Total Revenue – Water Services and Operations segment$265,030 37 %$199,490 31 %$160,447 24 %

See Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Segment Results of Operations” for a discussion of our segment-level operating results.

Activity for the year ended December 31, 2024

The increase in water sales during 2024 compared to 2023 is principally due to a 31.0% increase in water sales volumes over the same period.

In May 2024, we announced our progress towards developing new solutions for produced water in the Permian Basin. Over the last few years, we have been working with a leading industrial technology and manufacturing firm to develop an energy-efficient desalination and treatment process and associated equipment that can recycle produced water into fresh water with quality standards appropriate for surface discharge and beneficial reuse. With the Permian Basin generating approximately 19 million barrels of produced water per day, we believe this technology would provide an attractive and critical alternative to

subsurface injection. We filed a patent application for the desalination and treatment process and have secured exclusive use-rights for the equipment geared towards produced water applications. We have successfully tested a pilot program in our research and development lab. Construction has begun on a sub-scale produced water desalination test facility with an initial capacity of 10,000 barrels of produced water per day, and we anticipate construction to be completed during 2025. We are also in commercial discussions with oil and gas upstream operators as we look to provide critical, technology-driven solutions while also optimizing our economic interests and limiting capital outlay. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we spent $9.9 million on this new energy-efficient desalination and treatment process and equipment, of which $7.4 million was capitalized.

Additionally, during 2024, we invested $21.7 million in TPWR projects to maintain and/or enhance water sourcing assets.

Competition

While there is competition in the water service business in the Permian Basin, we believe our position as a significant landowner of approximately 873,000 surface acres gives us a distinct advantage over our competitors who must negotiate with existing landowners to source water and then for the right of way to deliver the water to the end user.

Major Customers

The chart below depicts our total revenues and revenues from customers representing 10% or more of our 2024 consolidated revenues:

While approximately 41% of our 2024 revenue was derived from only three customers, two of these customers are in the top 10, and the remaining customer is in the top 50, energy companies in the world based on market capitalization, and we believe each of them is a strong and reliable operator. Given their major presence in the Permian Basin and our significant surface lands in the same area, the high concentration of business with these three customers is expected. Further, the choice of whom we do business with largely depends on location of mineral royalties and surface rights on or near our assets and consists of a limited universe of oil and gas companies who operate in the Permian Basin.

Seasonality

While our business is not seasonal in nature, as that term is generally understood, revenue from oil and gas royalties may fluctuate from period to period based upon market prices for oil and gas and production decisions made by the operators. Our other revenue streams, which include, but are not limited to, water sales and royalties, easements and other surface related income and sales of land, may also fluctuate from period to period. In addition, our results are generally dependent on the decisions and actions of third parties out of our ultimate control. As a consequence, the results of our operations for any particular period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for a full year.

Regulations

We are subject to various federal, state and local laws. Management believes that our operations comply in all material respects with applicable laws and regulations and that the existence and enforcement of such laws and regulations have no more restrictive effect on our method of operations than on other companies similar to TPL.

We cannot determine the extent to which new legislation, new regulations or changes in existing laws or regulations may affect our future operations.

Environmental Considerations

Compliance with federal, state and local provisions that have been enacted or adopted regulating the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment, have had no material effect upon our business generally, including the capital expenditures, earnings and competitive position of the Company. To date, we have not been called upon to expend any material amount of funds for these purposes.

Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”)

Our current ESG disclosure is available at our website at www.TexasPacific.com. Our ESG disclosure has been prepared to align with the Sustainable Accounting Standards Board, the Global Reporting Initiative, and the Task Force on Climate Related Disclosures frameworks.

Integrating sustainability and ESG objectives is a priority for our Company. Our ESG strategy reflects its dedication to meeting tactical business priorities while managing the environmental impacts of its operations, maintaining principles for social responsibility, and upholding a commitment to strong corporate governance. Our ESG strategy is focused on the overarching priorities of environmental management, employee health and safety, workforce management and equality, community and landowner engagement, and strong corporate governance and ethics. We are committed to sustainability and responsible stewardship across all of our operations and land management activities.

As we do not produce oil or gas from the land from which our royalty revenue stream is derived, we developed our sustainability goals and partnership opportunities in consultation with the entities operating on our land. On the water solutions side of our business, we developed a tailored ESG program that addresses the ethical and responsible buildout of water assets and management of water as a natural resource. Our continued goal is an integrated and iterative approach to sustainable and responsible resource management.

Our ESG accomplishments include, but are not limited to:

•Increased the electrification of our water assets in an effort to reduce costs and mitigate our overall emission profile by reducing reliance on diesel generators. Cumulatively through December 31, 2024, we have spent $22.3 million of capital on electric infrastructure.

•Initiated energy tracking in 2020 to monitor and identify trends in energy consumption and sourcing.

•Prioritized the health and welfare of our workforce.

•Employed practices for the tracking and monitoring of all spills, regardless of whether they are within or outside of regulatory reporting requirements. We had zero spills of produced water in 2024, 2023, and 2022.

•Partnered with oil & gas operators on our surface estate to collectively discuss and manage ESG risks. Partnership opportunities included: developing renewable energy infrastructure across our land, developing water infrastructure to

support the reuse and recycling of produced water—a critical response to climate change, partnering to develop new technologies that support emissions management, and more.

•Instituted a governance framework that includes oversight and stewardship of our ESG strategies. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (the “Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee”) of our board of directors (“the Board”) reviews our policies and programs concerning corporate social responsibility, including ESG matters, with the support of the Audit Committee of the Board (“the “Audit Committee”) and the Compensation Committee of the Board (the “Compensation Committee”), where appropriate. The committees provide guidance to the Board and management with respect to trends and developments regarding environmental, social, governance, and political matters that could significantly impact the Company.

The disclosure denotes that our ESG strategy, including metrics and targets, is continuously reviewed and assessed annually to determine if updates or process improvements are needed.

Human Capital Resources

We believe we have a talented, motivated and dedicated team, and we are committed to supporting the development of our team members and continuously building on our strong culture. As of December 31, 2024, we had 111 full-time employees, of which 34 were employees of TPWR.

Our business strategy and ability to serve customers relies on employing talented professionals and attracting, training, developing and retaining a knowledgeable skilled workforce. We maintain a good working relationship with our employees. We value our employees and their experience in providing value through land, mineral and water resource management and water solutions. Maintaining a robust pipeline of talent is crucial to our ongoing success and is a key aspect of succession planning efforts across the organization. Our leadership and human resources teams are responsible for attracting and retaining top talent by facilitating an environment where employees feel supported and encouraged in their professional and personal development. We are committed to enhancing gender, racial and ethnic diversity throughout our organization. We believe that diversity is an important factor in bringing people together, encouraging shared commitment and fostering new ideas.

We strive to be a great place for our employees to work. Accordingly, we offer industry competitive pay and benefits, tuition reimbursement and continuing education classes and are committed to maintaining a workplace environment that promotes employee productivity and satisfaction.

Employee safety is also among our top priorities. Accordingly, we have developed and administer company-wide policies to ensure a safe and fair workplace free of discrimination or harassment for each team member and compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) standards, as further discussed in our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. This commitment applies to recruiting, hiring, compensation, benefits, training, termination, promotions or any other terms and conditions of employment. We maintain our strong focus on safety and have taken measures to protect our employees and maintain safe, reliable operations.

We have a goal of zero occupational injuries, illnesses and incidents in our workplace. To ensure that we protect our safety culture, we have in place a dedicated Health, Safety, and Environment Management team with substantial combined years of experience and have in-house authorized trainers for OSHA-required certified training, powered equipment training and PCE-safe land certificated training.

Available Information on our Website

We make available on our website at www.TexasPacific.com, free of charge, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Such reports are also available at www.sec.gov. The information contained on our website is not part, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.